What Does a Special Education Teacher Do?

Special education teachers are the unsung heroes in the educational landscape. These dedicated professionals work with students who have a wide range of learning, mental, emotional, and physical disabilities. They adapt general education lessons and teach various subjects, such as reading, writing, and math, to students with mild and moderate disabilities. They also teach basic skills, such as literacy and communication techniques, to students with severe disabilities.

Special educators are tasked with developing Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) for each student, a process that involves assessing students' abilities, setting educational goals, and tracking their progress. These teachers work closely with parents, school counselors, administrators, and other healthcare professionals to provide the most effective and supportive educational environment for their students.

Elementary special education teacher

Elementary special education teachers play a crucial role in the foundational years of a child's education. Working with children from kindergarten through fifth grade, these educators are focused on teaching basic skills and concepts that form the building blocks for future learning.

Elementary special education teacher responsibilities include assessing children's skills to determine their educational needs, developing and implementing IEPs, and adapting lesson plans to meet each child's unique learning style. Collaboration is key in this role, as these teachers often work with a team of educators and healthcare specialists to provide a holistic educational experience.

Secondary special education teacher

The transition from elementary to secondary special education brings a shift in focus towards preparing students for life beyond school. They work closely with students, their families, and other professionals to develop comprehensive transition plans that address areas such as further education, employment, and independent living skills. By collaborating with various stakeholders, these teachers ensure that their students have the necessary tools, resources, and support to succeed beyond the classroom.

One of the key aspects of being a special education teacher is the close relationships they build with their students. By establishing a nurturing and inclusive classroom environment, these teachers create a safe space where students feel valued, respected, and supported. During middle school, special education teachers face the challenges of dealing with students undergoing puberty, which can impact emotional and social behavior.

This is where modifications are necessary, boosting self-confidence. Special education teachers advocate for their students' rights and collaborate with other professionals to provide appropriate accommodations and modifications.

Skills needed for a special education teacher

Becoming a successful special education teacher requires a unique set of skills. Cultivating these skills is an ongoing process that requires dedication, reflection, and a commitment to professional growth. Special education teachers must be lifelong learners, continually seeking out opportunities to enhance their knowledge and abilities. Some of the common skills needed to become a special education teacher include:

• Communication: Strong communication skills are crucial for explaining concepts in ways that meet the individual needs of students. This includes the ability to use nonverbal communication and exaggerated gestures effectively.
• Critical-thinking: As a special education teacher, you must be able to solve problems as they arise throughout the school day. It takes strong critical thinking skills and creativity to help manage classroom dynamics and individual behaviors, particularly in the face of conflict.
• Collaboration: Special education teachers need to work cooperatively with parents, school counselors, and other support professionals to foster a supportive learning environment and advocate for the needs of their students.
• Empathy and patience: Special education teachers must exhibit high levels of empathy and patience, understanding the unique challenges faced by each student. It may take a long period of time for students to master new academic and behavioral skills.
• Data management: The ability to organize and analyze educational data helps in tracking student progress and adapting teaching methods. This part of the job is necessary due to the use of IEPs.

How much do special ed teachers make?

In many cases, a special education teacher salary is higher than their general education counterparts. This can be attributed to the additional responsibilities and challenges that come with teaching students with disabilities and special needs. Special education roles also require more specialized schooling and certification, which contributes to higher pay.

However, salaries can vary widely depending on the school district, geographic location, and level of experience. As of September 2026, on average, special education teachers in California make $60,298, compared to $56,309 for general education teachers. Special education teachers can also make upwards of $83,000, whereas the cap for general education teachers is $76,000. It's important for aspiring special education teachers to research salary trends in their area to get a better understanding of what to expect.

Start your path to a career in special education

For those looking to pursue this important profession in California, UMass Global offers special education degree programs tailored to various areas of need to help you achieve your goal. 

Request more information about our education degrees and learn the steps to become a special education teacher with out blog, How to Become a Special Education Teacher.